Aboriginal Treaties

Ontario Curriculum Expectations

Grade 7 Social Studies
Grade 8 Social Studies
Grade 10 Aboriginal Peoples in Canada
Grade 11 Understanding Canadian Law (University Prep)
Grade 12 Canada: History, Identity, and Culture
Grade 12 Aboriginal Governance: Emerging Directions

Expectations (Grade 7 Social Studies)

History: New France
Overall Expectations
By the end of Grade 7, students will:

• describe the origin and development of French settlement in North America

Specific Expectations
Understanding Concepts
By the end of Grade 7, students will:

• demonstrate an understanding of the interactions between the French and the Aboriginal peoples

History: All Above
Specific Expectations
Developing Inquiry/Research and Communication Skills
By the end of Grade 7, students will:

• formulate questions to facilitate research in specific areas
  
  
• analyse and describe conflicting points of view about a series of historical events
  
  
• communicate the results of inquiries for specific purposes and audiences, using media works, oral presentations, written notes and reports, drawings, tables, charts, and graph
  

Expectations (Grade 8 Social Studies)

History: Confederation
Overall Expectations
By the end of Grade 8, students will:

• demonstrate an understanding of the factors that contributed to Canada's Confederation
  

Specific Expectations
Understanding Concepts
By the end of Grade 8, students will:

• demonstrate an understanding of the social, political, and economic make-up of the British North American colonies in the 1860s
  

History: Canada: a Changing Society
Overall Expectations
By the end of Grade 8, students will:

• demonstrate an understanding of how diverse groups and individuals have contributed to the historical, cultural, and economic development of Canada

Specific Expectations
Understanding Concepts
By the end of Grade 8, students will:

• describe the impact of the Indian Act of 1876 on Aboriginal peoples

History: All Above
Specific Expectations
Developing Inquiry/Research and Communication Skills
By the end of Grade 8, students will:

• formulate questions to facilitate research on particular topics
  
  
• locate relevant information, using a variety of sources
  
  
• analyse, synthesize, and evaluate historical information
  
  
• analyse and describe conflicting points of view about an historical issue
  
  
• communicate the results of inquiries for specific purposes and audiences, using media works, political cartoons, oral presentations, written notes and reports, drawings, tables, charts, and graphs
  

Expectations for Aboriginal Peoples in Canada

Grade 10, Open
Sovereignty
Overall Expectations
By the end of this course, students will:

• identify historic and contemporary events affecting the self-determination of Aboriginal peoples
  

Methods of Historical Inquiry
Overall Expectations
By the end of this course, students will:

• research and explain historical topics and issues related to Aboriginal peoples
  
  
• research and describe relevant information about Native studies using a variety of sources of information
  
  
• demonstrate understanding of how to analyse and evaluate information when conducting research on a historical topic or issue
  
  
• demonstrate the ability to apply insights gained in Native studies to other situations and communicate the results of research in oral and written presentations
  

Expectations for Understanding Canadian Law

(Grade 11, University/College Preparation)
Rights and Freedoms
Overall Expectations
By the end of this course, students will:

• identify historical and contemporary barriers to the equal enjoyment of human rights in Canada and evaluate their effects

Specific Expectations
Barriers to Human Rights
By the end of this course, students will:

• describe historical and contemporary situations in which rights in Canada have been denied (e.g., rights of Japanese in the Second World War, Aboriginal rights to land, women's rights, rights of physically or mentally challenged persons)
  

Expectations for Canada: History, Identity, and Culture

(Grade 12, University Preparation)
Social, Economic, and Political Structures
Overall Expectations
By the end of this course, students will:

• describe the development of Canada's social programs and their significance in terms of Canadian identity
  
  
• describe and evaluate the nature of the Canadian political system and the groups and individuals who contributed to its development
  
  
• assess the efforts of popular movements to reform Canadian society
  

Specific Expectations
Social Programs and Policies
By the end of this course, students will:

• assess the extent to which education has been used in Canada as an instrument for shaping regional, provincial, and national identities (e.g., Jesuit schools, Egerton Ryerson's public school system, the Manitoba Schools Question, Catholic and public school systems, residential schools for Aboriginal children, French-language education in Quebec in the 1990s)
  

Methods of Historical Inquiry
Overall Expectations
By the end of this course, students will:

• demonstrate an understanding of historians' methods of locating, gathering, and organizing research materials;
  
  
• critically analyse interpretations related to Canadian history, culture, and identity
  
  
• communicate opinions and ideas based on effective research clearly and concisely
  
  
• demonstrate an ability to think creatively, manage time efficiently, and work effectively in independent and collaborative study
  

Expectations for Aboriginal Governance: Emerging Directions

Grade 12, University/College Preparation
Relationships
Overall Expectations
By the end of this course, students will:

• demonstrate an understanding of the historical context that underlies current relationships between Aboriginal peoples and the government of Canada
  
  
• describe the changing nature of the legal and political relationships between Aboriginal peoples and the government of Canada
  

Specific Expectations
Aboriginal World View
By the end of this course, students will:

• describe ways in which Aboriginal peoples define nation-to-nation relationships with the government of Canada (e.g., any of the "numbered treaties")

Aboriginal and Canadian Relations
By the end of this course, students will:

• describe ways in which history influences the current relationship between Aboriginal peoples and the government of Canada (e.g., Royal Proclamation of 1763, the Jay Treaty of 1794, pre-Confederation treaties, the eleven "numbered treaties" from 1871 to 1921);
  
  
• demonstrate an understanding of the legal and political relationship between Aboriginal peoples and the British Crown (e.g., the Covenant Chain, fiduciary obligation based on the Indian Act, the Niagara Treaty)