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Aboriginal Treaties
Alberta Curriculum Objectives
Grade 10 Aboriginal Studies
Grade 11 Aboriginal Studies
Grade 12 Aboriginal Studies
Grade 10 (Aboriginal Studies 10)
THEME III: POLITICAL AND ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION
GENERAL OUTCOME
Students will demonstrate an understanding of the political and
economic organization of Aboriginal peoples.
SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
Students will:
5. demonstrate an understanding of the current issues being addressed
by Aboriginal political and economic organizations:
- describe and analyze Aboriginal political and economic issues,
including:
-
poverty
-
economic instability
-
land cooperatives; e.g., in 1800s, small groups of
Iroquois and voyageurs were brought from the east to work
in trading companies-they settled in the Jasper and Grande
Cache areas, intermarried with the Cree, and set up land
cooperative
Grade 11 (Aboriginal Studies 20)
THEME I: THE MÉTIS: CONFLICT AND CULTURAL CHANGE
GENERAL OUTCOME
Students will demonstrate an understanding of the Métis roles
in the settlement of Western Canada.
SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
Students will:
2. appreciate that conflict can arise among cultures because of
differing political, economic and social perceptions and practices:
- research and evaluate conflicts and cooperation between the
Government of Canada and the emerging Métis Nation with
respect to:
-
significance of the survey of the Red River settlement
and the role of surveyors
-
characteristics of the lives of Métis and First
Nations people
-
the impact of the disappearance of the buffalo and decline
of the fur trade
-
the impact of "scrip" on Métis people
3. demonstrate an understanding of Métis history in Manitoba
and Saskatchewan:
- discuss the intentions and impact of the Canadian government's
efforts to build a strong and unified nation
- identify and evaluate the reasons for the conflict in Manitoba
surrounding the Manitoba Act of 1870
- discuss the role of First Nations people in the Riel Resistance
- evaluate the after-effects of the Riel Resistance on the lives
of Métis people relative to changes in lifestyles
4. demonstrate an understanding of how Métis culture and
lifestyles were affected as a result of the defeat of the Métis
at Batoche:
- research the early history of one of the Métis political
organizations in Alberta and their journey for self-determination,
and report on the following:
-
purpose of the Ewing Commission and its findings
-
reasons for the establishment of Métis colonies
in Alberta
-
founding of the Métis Association and the role of
Métis leadership as demonstrated by Joseph Dion,
Malcolm Norris, James Brady, Felix Callihoo, Peter Tomkins
THEME II: TREATIES AND CULTURAL CHANGE
GENERAL OUTCOME
Students will demonstrate an understanding of the effects of treaty
relationships between First Nations people and the Government of
Canada.
SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
Students will:
1. demonstrate an understanding that First Nations people perceived
treaties as recognized sovereign agreements:
- analyze how Britain recognized First Nations sovereignty:
-
discuss unique relationships among community, land and
leadership based on mutual support and consensus
-
discuss how First Nations community needs were met by examining
their cultural values, laws and regulations, decision making,
nation/community support, discipline and lawbreakers
-
describe similarities and differences among clans, bands
and families in the areas of leadership, cooperative efforts,
governance, consensus, consultation, administration, law,
principles of sovereignty
- research the intent of treaties:
-
describe how First Nations people developed coexisting
relationships through contact resulting from trading, making
treaties, making alliances, sharing territories
-
describe how First Nations established crown land to be
protected and held in trust
3. demonstrate an understanding of how some treaties were a mechanism
whereby the Canadian government received title to ceded lands and
in return First Nations retained areas of reserved land with certain
rights:
- identify, locate and discuss land-based treaties
-
research and discuss treaties signed on the prairies:
-
reasons for treaties by First Nations and the Canadian
government
-
reasons why First Nations accepted the treaties
- areas of Treaty 6, 7 and 8 and the Nations involved
- discuss the roles of people who were influential in treaty making;
e.g., Jerry Potts, Big Bear, William Robinson, Red Crow, Poundmaker,
James McLeod, George McDougall, Crowfoot
- appreciate, respect and compare the viewpoints of First Nations
people, Métis people and the federal government toward
treaties
5. demonstrate an understanding that there were many policies,
acts and treaties passed by the federal government that had an impact
on First Nations people and their way of life:
- research and evaluate the Royal Proclamation of 1763 and the
Indian Act of 1876, as it relates to:
THEME III: LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND CULTURAL CHANGE
GENERAL OUTCOME
Students will demonstrate an understanding of the effects of government
policies, legislation and practices on Aboriginal cultures and peoples.
SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
Students will:
1. demonstrate an understanding of the nature and impact of the
legislation and policies of the French and British governments on
Aboriginal peoples:
- identify the differences between French and British government
policies affecting Aboriginal peoples, and evaluate the impact
of those policies on Aboriginal peoples
- evaluate and report on how legislation enacted by the British
government demonstrated the perspective of that government by
reviewing relevant excerpts from the following acts, and summarizing
their purpose and effects on Aboriginal peoples:
-
Royal Proclamation, 1763
-
Gradual Civilization Act, 1857
-
British North America Act, 1867
-
Indian Enfranchisement Act, 1867
-
Indian Act, 1876
2. demonstrate an understanding of the impact of federal government
legislation and policies on Aboriginal peoples:
5. research, analyze and evaluate the impact of federal government
policies, legislation and practices on the self-determination and
quality of life of Aboriginal peoples; e.g., any two of the
following: health, education, justice, economics, socio-cultural.
THEME IV: SCHOOLING AND CULTURAL CHANGE
GENERAL OUTCOME
Students will demonstrate an understanding of how federal government
policies affected the socialization process of traditional Aboriginal
education.
SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
Students will:
3. demonstrate an understanding that after the signing of the treaties,
a policy of assimilation was undertaken by the federal government
in the schooling of Aboriginal children:
- define "assimilation"
- evaluate the effects assimilation had on Aboriginal children
- analyze the impact of federal policies on the education of Aboriginal
peoples
Grade 12 (Aboriginal Studies 30)
THEME I: ABORIGINAL RIGHTS AND SELF-GOVERNMENT
GENERAL OUTCOME
Students will demonstrate an understanding that Canadian Aboriginal
peoples have an inherent right to self-government and self-determination.
SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
Students will:
2. demonstrate an understanding of how First Nations and Métis
land rights are based on differing premises:
- compare and contrast the concept of land ownership between European
and Aboriginal peoples
3. demonstrate an understanding of the Constitution Act, 1982,
which guaranteed and affirmed Aboriginal rights and freedoms:
- research and evaluate the terms of the Constitution Act, 1982
relative to Aboriginal rights and freedoms
- examine the Constitution Act, 1982 in relation to the rights
and freedoms of:
4. demonstrate an understanding that many Aboriginal peoples have
a right to self-government and self-determination:
- examine and appreciate that traditional Aboriginal governments
existed before the arrival of the Europeans and have been guaranteed
through treaty agreements
-
research terms of the treaties with respect to self-government;
e.g., Treaty No. 6, Treaty No. 7, Treaty No. 8, and so on
5. demonstrate an understanding that Aboriginal communities are
evolving into independent governing bodies:
- examine and compare the administration and governance of reserves,
past and present:
-
Council of Elders
-
selecting a chief and council
-
powers of chief and council
-
role of the Indian agent
-
role of the federal government
- examine the Indian Act, 1876 and analyze the changes in freedoms
in reference to individual, economic, social and educational rights
6. demonstrate an understanding of how some Aboriginal and Métis
Nation leaders are directing their resources into establishing self-government
in their communities:
THEME II: ABORIGINAL LAND CLAIMS
GENERAL OUTCOME
Students will demonstrate an understanding of Aboriginal land rights,
entitlements and current land claim negotiations with the Government
of Canada.
SPECIFIC OUTCOMES
Students will:
5. demonstrate an understanding of why many First Nations people
have long expressed concern that land entitlements under the treaties
were not met by the federal and provincial governments:
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