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Settlement and Immigrants
A test using the Canada in the Making site
This test was developed for use with the Pioneers and Immigrants section of the Canada in the Making Web site.
Multiple Choice
Circle the correct response:
1. The first people to settle in North America were the:
a. Vikings.
b. Aboriginals.
c. Métis.
d. French.
2. The French tried settlements in a number of locations, but often failed. Which of the following was a location of an early French settlement that never failed?
a. Port-Royal
b. Dochet Island
c. Québec
d. None of the above
3. The French established a strong trading and military outpost on Île Royale called _____________. The British captured it twice.
a. Halifax
b. Québec
c. Montreal
d. Louisbourg
4. Samuel de Champlain chose to aid one side of a conflict between Aboriginal peoples. Which nation did he choose to fight against, and in so doing start a war that lasted 90 years?
a. The Iroquois
b. The Hurons
c. The Algonquins
d. The Woodland Cree
5. The French adopted the feudal system when they settled in New France. Which of the following was not a class in this system?
a. Engagés
b. Seigneurs
c. Associés
d. Habitants
6. The Loyalists arrived in Quebec as a result of the American Revolution. Beside people of British origins who chose to stay loyal to the Crown, other groups also came. Which of the following is not such a group included in the Loyalist migration?
a. Black (freed) slaves
b. Voyageurs
c. Germans
d. Aboriginals.
7. The Selkirk Settlement was established on land purchased from the Hudson’s Bay Company, but was already settled by the Métis. This caused friction, which resulted in the _______________ in 1816.
a. Seven Oaks Incident
b. Riel Rebellion
c. North West Rebellion
d. None of the above
8. Immigration to British North America was paused for two years by the:
a. North West Rebellion.
b. American Revolution.
c. War of 1812.
d. American Civil War.
9. The Clergy Reserves were:
a. a special armed force created by the Catholic Church.
b. a large store of wealth held by the Anglican Church for the construction of Churches.
c. lands set aside for the Catholic Church.
d. lands set aside for the Church of England.
10. In the 1830s, a new levy was made on settlers in British North America. This levy was intended to:
a. fund immigrant hospitals.
b. help poor immigrants arriving in Canada.
c. fund measures to control the spread of cholera.
d. all of the above.
11. The ________________ resulted in the immigration of large numbers of Irish settlers to North America in the late 1840s and early 1850s.
a. Potato Famine
b. Irish Uprising
c. plague
d. none of the above.
12. Americans had been moving to settle lands in British North America for years, but began to come north in increasing numbers during the:
a. Construction of the CPR.
b. Alaska boundary dispute.
c. Klondike Gold Rush.
d. North West Rebellion.
13. Which of the following is not one of Canada’s railways before 1900?
a. Grand Trunk Railways
b. Canadian Pacific Railway
c. Intercolonial Railway
d. Canadian National Railway
14. Which of the following is not a major cause of European settlement of the West after Confederation?
a. The fur trade
b. The construction of a railway across the prairies
c. The Numbered Treaties
d. The purchase of Rupert’s Land from the Hudson’s Bay Company
15. _______________ efforts to attract settlers to the “Last Best West” were aimed at Europeans (especially the British) and excluded Aboriginals, French Canadians, Asians, Eastern Europeans and many other groups.
a. Sir Clifford Sifton’s
b. Sir Wilfred Laurier’s
c. Sir John A. Macdonald’s
d. Sir Charles Tupper’s
True/False
| 16. Aboriginals began settling in North American between 10,000 and 13,000 years ago. |
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| 17. The French government encourages settlers to become coureurs de bois to supplement their income as farmers. |
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| 18. The Landlord Tenant Act, 1873 was a great injustice to settlers on Prince Edward Island. |
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| 19. The Pemmican Proclamation in 1814 was intended to help settlers at the Selkirk settlement. |
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| 20. The money and supplies given to Aboriginal people got worse with each Numbered Treaty. |
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| 21. The Canadian Pacific Railway was used to help slaves escape from the United States. |
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| 22. American immigrants to Canada were usually poorer than British immigrants. |
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| 23. Immigration policies after 1896 helped to end the threat of the annexation of the Canadian West by the United States. |
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| 24. Orphans from Britain were sent to Canada after 1870, and worked as farm labourers or domestic servants. |
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| 25. The North West Mounted Police was created to control the Métis and Aboriginal peoples in the North West. |
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Fill in the Blanks
26. The _______________ were French settlers in what is now the Maritimes.
27. _________________ created the first truly permanent settlement near what is now Québec City.
28. Women brought to New France to become wives of settlers were called _______________.
29. Landowners who owned land in the British North American colonies, but did not live there, were known as _______________ landlords.
30. The ______________ of what is now Manitoba were mainly the descendents of French, English and Scottish fur traders and their Aboriginal wives.
31. The __________________ Railroad was used to help black slaves escape the United States and come to Canada.
32. Irish nationalists, known as _________________, were threat that became a major contributor to the movement for Confederation.
33. ______________ immigrants were given the most dangerous jobs on the construction of the CPR.
34. Recruitment agencies were used in the late 19th century to bring female __________ servants into Canada, where they were in high demand.
35. The Chinese ______________ tax was intended to prevent Chinese immigrants from coming to Canada.
Matching
Match the document or event with the year(s):
| 36. |
Loyalists begin arriving in the Province of Québec and the Maritimes. |
1817 |
| 37. |
Tenants' Compensation Act |
1872 |
| 38. |
Treaty of Ghent |
1713 |
| 39. |
Champlain establishes the settlement of Québec. |
1791 |
| 40. |
Constitution Act |
1775 |
| 41. |
Rupert’s Land Act |
1867 |
| 42. |
Treaty of Utrecht |
1868 |
| 43. |
British North America Act |
1897 |
| 44. |
The Selkirk Treaty |
1608 |
| 45. |
Klondike Gold Rush |
1814 |
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Short Answer
Answer two (2) of the following questions in less than ten lines (100 words).
46. For what reasons did France’s first settlements fail?
47. Briefly describe the seigniorial system, including the roles of the seigneurs, habitants and engagés.
48. Why was the settlement of the West a priority after Confederation, and what was done to ensure that it was settled?
49. Why was the creation of the North West Mounted Police important?
50. Why did promotional materials describe the Canadian West as “the Last Best West”?
Essay Questions
Answer one of the following essay questions.
51. Aboriginal first nations reacted in different ways to the encroachment of European settlement. Explain these differences from one of the following perspectives, or one of your own:
a. Aboriginal peoples benefited as well as suffered from the presence of Europeans.
b. There were many different Aboriginal nations, and each used the strategy appropriate to its circumstances.
c. Aboriginal peoples lacked centralized governments to coordinate a response.
d. The Aboriginal peoples had different cultures.
52. The settlement of what is now Canada occurred in phases. Choose one of these phases and describe the characteristics of the phase, including:
a. The people immigrating
b. The reasons for their settlement in what is now Canada
c. How they survived in the new environment (e.g. did they have help or a technological advantage?)
d. How they were treated when they arrived
e. How this wave of settlement contributed to Canada’s culture, history and government
53. Both French and English settlement efforts were flawed. Compare and contract the strengths and weaknesses of the settlement efforts in New France with British North America prior to 1867.
54. Describe a special group that immigrated to what is now Canada in large numbers Canada, considering:
a. The reasons for their settlement in what is now Canada
b. How they survived in the new environment (e.g. did they have help or a technological advantage?)
c. How they were treated when they arrived
d. How this wave of settlement contributed to Canada’s culture, history and government
55. The settlement of Canada between 1763 and 1945 has seen many efforts to discourage certain immigrants and exclude others. Describe three examples of this and draw conclusions about the long-term effects of these efforts.
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